Knee Osteoarthritis

4 July 2025

Overview

Knee osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint condition that affects the smooth cartilage within the knee. As this cartilage wears down over time, the bones in the knee begin to rub together, causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility. Knee osteoarthritis can significantly impact quality of life, but with expert care and modern treatment options, many patients can achieve lasting relief.

Causes and Risk Factors

Osteoarthritis develops when the cartilage cushioning the ends of bones in your knee joint deteriorates. Over time, the joint may lose its normal shape, and bone spurs may develop.

Common causes and risk factors include:

Age: Most common in adults over 50, but can occur earlier.
Previous Knee Injury: Past injuries (including fractures, ligament injuries, or meniscal tears) increase the risk.
Obesity: Extra weight places additional stress on the knee joint.
Repetitive Stress: Jobs or activities that put persistent stress on the knee.
Genetics: Family history of osteoarthritis.
Other Joint Diseases: Such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout.

Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis

Persistent Knee Pain: Worsens with activity, improves with rest.
Stiffness: Especially after periods of inactivity or in the morning.
Swelling: Around the knee joint.
Grinding or Popping Sensation: During movement.
Reduced Range of Motion: Difficulty bending or straightening the knee.
Tenderness: The joint may feel sore to touch.
Difficulty with Everyday Activities: Such as walking, climbing stairs, or standing from a seated position.

Diagnosis

At The New Foscote Hospital, our orthopaedic specialists use a combination of clinical assessment and advanced imaging—such as X-rays or MRI scans—to diagnose knee osteoarthritis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options

Management depends on the severity of symptoms and how much they affect your life:

Non-Surgical Treatments:

Lifestyle Changes: Weight management, activity modification.
Physiotherapy: Tailored exercises to improve strength, flexibility, and mobility.
Medications: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Steroid or Hyaluronic Acid Injections: To reduce pain and inflammation.
Supportive Devices: Braces, insoles, or walking aids.

Surgical Treatments:

If non-surgical methods no longer provide relief, surgery may be recommended, including:

Arthroscopic Surgery: Minimally invasive procedures for early disease or to address mechanical symptoms.
Partial (Unicompartmental) Knee Replacement: For damage limited to one area.
Total Knee Replacement: For advanced or widespread osteoarthritis.

Why Choose The New Foscote Hospital?

Our Banbury-based orthopaedic team provides personalised care using the latest diagnostic tools and evidence-based treatments. We support you from your first consultation through treatment and rehabilitation, ensuring the best possible outcomes.

Next Steps:

If you are experiencing ongoing knee pain or stiffness, contact The New Foscote Hospital to arrange a specialist assessment and explore your treatment options.