Lumbar Disc Herniation

Lumbar Disc Herniation

Lumbar disc herniation, also known as a slipped or prolapsed disc, is a common spinal condition in which one of the discs in the lower back bulges or ruptures. This can put pressure on nearby spinal nerves, leading to pain, numbness, weakness, or sciatica.

At The New Foscote Hospital, our experienced orthopaedic and spinal consultants offer diagnostic assessment, conservative treatment options, and surgery when needed — including microdiscectomy for nerve compression. We aim to help patients return to everyday activities with reduced pain and improved mobility.

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What Is a Lumbar Disc Herniation?

Between each vertebra in your spine lies a soft, cushioning disc. These discs help absorb impact and allow flexibility. A lumbar disc herniation occurs when the soft inner part of a disc pushes through its outer layer — typically in the lower back (L4–L5 or L5–S1 levels).

If the herniated disc presses on spinal nerves, it can cause a range of symptoms, from mild backache to severe leg pain and functional limitation.

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Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of the herniation but may include:

• Lower back pain – often starting suddenly or worsening over time
• Sciatica – sharp or burning pain radiating down one leg
• Tingling or numbness – in the buttocks, thigh, leg, or foot
• Muscle weakness – affecting walking or standing
• Difficulty sitting or bending – due to pressure on spinal nerves
• Loss of bladder or bowel control – a rare but serious symptom requiring emergency care (cauda equina syndrome)

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Causes and Risk Factors

Common causes and risk factors include:

• Age-related disc degeneration
• Sudden twisting or lifting injuries
• Repetitive strain or poor posture
• Sedentary lifestyle or obesity
• Genetic predisposition

Many people develop a disc herniation without any obvious injury.

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Diagnosis

Our consultants at The New Foscote will begin with a thorough clinical assessment, including a review of your symptoms, medical history, and neurological examination. Diagnostic imaging may include:

• MRI scan – to confirm disc herniation and identify nerve compression
• X-rays – to rule out other spinal conditions
• CT scan – in selected cases at the Royal Buckinghamshire Hosptial

We offer rapid access to MRI on-site, ensuring early diagnosis and treatment planning.

Learn more about our diagnostic services

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Treatment Options

Initial treatment is usually non-surgical, especially in the first 6–8 weeks, and may include:

• Physiotherapy
• Pain management – including anti-inflammatories or nerve pain medication
• Activity modification and posture correction
• Spinal injections – such as nerve root blocks or epidural steroids

However, if symptoms are severe, worsening, or do not respond to conservative measures, surgical intervention may be required.

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When Is Surgery Needed?

You may be referred for surgical treatment such as microdiscectomy if:

• Leg pain persists despite conservative treatment
• Muscle weakness is progressing
• You have signs of significant nerve compression
• MRI shows a large disc herniation pressing on a nerve root
• You’re struggling with daily activities due to pain or numbness

Microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove the part of the disc pressing on the nerve. Most patients experience significant pain relief and faster return to normal function.

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Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery after microdiscectomy or conservative treatment may include:

• Guided physiotherapy to rebuild strength and improve posture
• Advice on lifting and movement to reduce risk of recurrence
• Gradual return to exercise and work, with tailored support

At The New Foscote, we work with you to create a personalised recovery plan, whether or not you require surgery.

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Why Choose The New Foscote Hospital?

• Consultant-led care with access to orthopaedic and spinal specialists
• Rapid access to imaging, diagnostics, and treatment
• Calm, private environment with one-to-one patient care
• On-site physiotherapy and follow-up care
• Trusted by patients across Oxfordshire, Warwickshire, and beyond