Meniscal Tears

4 July 2025

Overview

A meniscal tear is a common knee injury affecting the cartilage (meniscus) that cushions and stabilises the knee joint. Meniscal tears can result from sports injuries, accidents, or gradual wear and tear with age. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to restore function, relieve pain, and prevent further joint damage.

What is the Meniscus?

The knee has two menisci—medial (inner) and lateral (outer)—which are C-shaped pads of cartilage. They act as shock absorbers and help distribute weight across the knee, ensuring smooth movement and joint stability.

Types of Meniscal Tears

Meniscal tears can occur in several different patterns. The main types include:

Longitudinal (Vertical) Tear: Runs along the length of the meniscus, often seen in younger patients following trauma.
Radial Tear: Extends from the inner edge of the meniscus outward; these can affect knee stability and often require surgical treatment.
Horizontal Tear: Runs parallel to the tibia, splitting the meniscus into upper and lower sections.
Bucket Handle Tear: A variation of a longitudinal tear, where a portion of the meniscus becomes displaced and can cause the knee to lock.
Flap Tear: An irregular section of cartilage is torn away, sometimes catching in the joint.
Complex Tear: A combination of two or more tear patterns, often seen in degenerative (age-related) cases.

Causes of Meniscal Tears

Sports Injuries: Twisting or turning suddenly, especially while the foot is planted (common in football, rugby, and skiing).
Age-related Degeneration: Cartilage can weaken and thin with age, making tears more likely even with minor movements.
Trauma: Direct impact to the knee, such as falls or car accidents.
Sudden Squatting or Lifting: Heavy lifting or deep knee bends can cause tears, particularly in older adults.

Symptoms of a Meniscal Tear

Knee Pain: Localised pain on the inside or outside of the knee, often worsened by twisting or rotating the leg.
Swelling and Stiffness: Swelling can develop within hours or over several days after injury.
Catching or Locking: The knee may catch, lock, or feel as though it is giving way.
Reduced Range of Movement: Difficulty straightening or bending the knee fully.
Popping Sensation: Some people report a “popping” sound or feeling at the time of injury.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you experience ongoing knee pain, swelling, locking, or instability, it’s important to seek assessment from a specialist. Untreated meniscal tears can lead to chronic pain and increase the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis.

Diagnosis and Treatment

At The New Foscote Hospital, our orthopaedic consultants use advanced imaging (such as MRI scans) to diagnose meniscal injuries accurately. Treatment options include:

Conservative Management: Rest, ice, physiotherapy, and anti-inflammatory medication for minor tears.
Arthroscopic (Keyhole) Surgery: Minimally invasive procedure to repair or trim the torn meniscus, often with rapid recovery times.
Rehabilitation: Personalised physiotherapy plans to restore strength, mobility, and prevent future injuries.

Why Choose The New Foscote Hospital?

Our experienced orthopaedic team in Banbury provides prompt diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, and tailored rehabilitation for all types of meniscal injuries, helping you return to your normal activities as quickly and safely as possible.